Which virus is known for causing dermatomal distribution of lesions?

The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is known for causing a dermatomal distribution of lesions, particularly in the form of shingles (herpes zoster). After an individual becomes infected with the virus during the primary infection, typically represented by chickenpox (varicella), the virus remains latent in the sensory nerve ganglia. Later in life, usually due to factors such as immunosuppression or stress, the virus can reactivate and travel down the sensory nerves, leading to a painful rash that follows the specific dermatome associated with that nerve.

This characteristic dermatomal pattern is a key distinguishing feature of shingles, as opposed to other herpes viruses. For instance, while Herpes Simplex Virus can cause localized lesions, these are not typically confined to dermatomal distributions. Human Papillomavirus primarily causes warts and does not have a defined dermatomal pattern. Rhinovirus is mainly responsible for the common cold and does not cause skin lesions. Therefore, the association of Varicella Zoster Virus with a dermatomal distribution of lesions is a fundamental point in understanding its clinical presentation.