What is the post-exposure treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

Post-exposure management for hepatitis B virus (HBV) primarily centers on the use of HBV immunoglobulin, especially in high-risk situations such as needle-stick injuries or potential exposure to infected blood. HBV immunoglobulin provides immediate passive immunity by supplying pre-formed antibodies against the virus, helping to prevent infection if administered promptly after exposure.

In addition to HBV immunoglobulin, the hepatitis B vaccine is also part of the post-exposure prophylaxis protocol. The hepatitis B vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to produce its own protective antibodies against HBV, but it takes time to achieve this immune response. Therefore, while vaccination is crucial in post-exposure settings, the immediate administration of HBV immunoglobulin is what provides rapid protection.

Antiviral medications and interferon therapy are not typically used in post-exposure scenarios; they are more suited for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection rather than for immediate prophylaxis after exposure. Hence, the combination of HBV immunoglobulin and the hepatitis B vaccine ensures that individuals exposed to HBV receive both immediate and long-term protection against the virus.