What is the medical treatment used for acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease?

The medical treatment for acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, primarily involves the use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agents and corticosteroids.

5-ASA agents, such as mesalamine, play a significant role in maintaining remission and managing mild to moderate acute flares due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or budesonide, are utilized for their potent anti-inflammatory effects to quickly control acute inflammation during severe flare-ups. These medications help reduce symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.

While antibiotics can be utilized in some cases of IBD, particularly when there are complications like infections or abscesses, they are not the primary treatment for acute exacerbations. Similarly, surgery is reserved for specific situations such as complications or refractory cases rather than for initial flares.

Biologics and immunosuppressants are typically used for long-term management and in patients who do not respond adequately to conventional therapy but are not the first line of treatment during acute exacerbations. Proton pump inhibitors and antiemetics do not directly address the underlying inflammation of IBD and thus are not appropriate