What is an indicator of mesenteric occlusion in acute abdominal cases?

Mesenteric occlusion, also known as mesenteric ischemia, is a critical condition that can lead to bowel necrosis if not recognized and treated promptly. Indicators of mesenteric occlusion in acute abdominal cases can present in various forms, and each of the options provided reflects a potential sign of this serious condition.

Bowel distention occurs because ischemia can lead to impaired bowel motility and fluid accumulation, resulting in distended loops of bowel. The distended bowel can be a direct consequence of the ischemic effect on peristalsis and the subsequent buildup of gas and fluids.

Free air in the abdomen may indicate perforation of a hollow organ, which can occur if mesenteric occlusion leads to severe ischemia and necrosis. While free air itself is not a direct indicator of mesenteric occlusion, it can be a related finding in cases where the underlying ischemia progresses to bowel perforation.

Extravasation of contrast is observed during imaging studies, such as CT scans, especially when there is significant vascular compromise. It can signify that the bowel is not receiving adequate blood supply and that there might be damage to the bowel wall, which can lead to complications like perforation or leakage of intestinal contents.

Taken together