What are the treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are diverse and tailored to the severity of the symptoms and the patient's overall health. In cases of mild to moderate symptoms, many patients may initially be monitored through watchful waiting. However, if treatment is deemed necessary due to bothersome symptoms, a variety of options are available.

Medication options include alpha-adrenergic antagonists (like terazosin and tamsulosin), which work by relaxing the smooth muscles of the prostate and bladder neck, leading to improved urinary flow. Additionally, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride help to reduce the size of the prostate gland over time by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. This class of medications is particularly beneficial for men with larger prostate volumes.

Surgical interventions, such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), are considered for patients with severe symptoms or complications due to BPH that do not respond to medical management. Having a range of treatment options allows for individualization based on the patient's condition, preferences, and response to treatment.

Therefore, the correct answer encompasses not only the medications listed but also acknowledges watchful waiting and the potential need for surgical intervention