What are the common causes of transudative effusion?

Transudative effusions are primarily caused by systemic factors that alter the pressure gradient across the pleural membranes rather than direct injury or inflammation. The key factor in the development of a transudative effusion is the presence of intact capillary membranes that allow fluid to pass based on hydrostatic and oncotic pressures.

Common underlying conditions that lead to transudative effusions include congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and hypoalbuminemia. These conditions typically reflect imbalances in fluid dynamics, such as increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure, often linked to cardiovascular issues.

In contrast, exudative effusions result from inflammatory processes that affect the pleura directly, usually associated with infections, malignancies, or trauma. Therefore, the emphasis on intact capillaries and the association with cardiovascular conditions accurately represents the primary causes of transudative effusion.