Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization can be undertaken when the patient is:

Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is primarily justified when a patient poses a danger to themselves or to others. This concern for safety establishes a legal basis for treatment without the patient's consent, as the mental health professional must prioritize preserving life and ensuring the well-being of the individual in crisis. In many jurisdictions, criteria for involuntary commitment include an imminent risk of harm due to severe mental illness, where the patient's judgment is significantly impaired. This rationale is essential for providing immediate care to individuals who may not recognize their need for treatment due to the nature of their condition.

While seeking voluntary treatment demonstrates a willingness to engage in care and is important for patients, it does not meet the criteria for involuntary hospitalization. The age of the patient, while relevant in determining consent or the ability to seek treatment, is not a sole factor for involuntary commitment. Similarly, non-compliance with treatment by itself does not justify hospitalization; there must generally be an accompanying risk of harm. The focus remains on the individual's current mental state and potential danger they may pose to themselves or others, which is the crux of justifying involuntary hospitalization.