In tumor lysis syndrome, which of the following electrolyte changes occurs?

Tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic complication that can occur after the rapid destruction of tumor cells, often following chemotherapy. This rapid cell breakdown releases intracellular contents into the bloodstream, leading to characteristic metabolic alterations. One of the hallmark changes in tumor lysis syndrome is an increase in potassium levels due to the release of potassium from lysed cells. This can lead to hyperkalemia, which is a significant concern because it can cause cardiac issues.

Additionally, tumor lysis syndrome typically results in decreased calcium levels. This is associated with the increased phosphorus from cell lysis, which can bind calcium and lead to hypocalcemia. Therefore, in tumor lysis syndrome, there is a typical elevation in potassium levels and a decrease in calcium levels.

Understanding these changes is crucial because they highlight the importance of monitoring electrolytes in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome, especially after the initiation of cancer treatment. Management often includes hydration, electrolyte correction, and sometimes medications to prevent complications, such as allopurinol for uric acid control.