In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which of the following is elevated?

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the presence of elevated fibrin split products and D-dimer is a key hallmark of the condition. DIC is characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of small blood clots throughout the vascular system. This excessive clotting results in the consumption of clotting factors and platelets, causing a subsequent risk of bleeding.

During the process of coagulation, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, and as fibrin is broken down, fibrin degradation products, including D-dimer, are released into the circulation. These markers serve as indicators of fibrin turnover and help confirm the diagnosis of DIC. Elevated levels of D-dimer, in particular, suggest increased fibrinolysis, which is consistent with the pathophysiology of DIC.

Thus, the elevation of fibrin split products and D-dimer in patients with DIC is an important laboratory finding that reflects the underlying processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis that occur in this disorder.