In a fall on an outstretched hand, which type of fracture is most commonly observed?

A fracture of the distal radius, commonly referred to as a Colles’ fracture, is the most frequently observed injury resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand. This type of fracture typically occurs when a person extends their wrist to break the fall, causing the distal radius to break at a point about 1-2 cm proximal to the wrist joint.

Colles’ fractures are characterized by a dorsal angulation and often a dorsal displacement of the distal fragment, which is particularly notable upon radiographic examination. This mechanism of injury is common in the elderly, particularly those with osteoporosis, making them more susceptible to such injuries.

While scaphoid fractures, radial head fractures, and other carpal fractures can occur from similar mechanisms, they are less commonly associated with the general population's typical fall pattern related to outstretched hands. The scaphoid bone's location and blood supply can complicate healing, making its fracture significant but less prevalent than Colles’ fractures. Radial head fractures often occur in conjunction with elbow injuries rather than isolated falls. The high incidence of distal radius fractures in populations at risk makes it the exemplar injury in this context.