How is the maternal mortality rate calculated?

The maternal mortality rate is calculated as the number of maternal deaths that occur during pregnancy or within a specified time frame after the end of pregnancy (up to 90 days postpartum), relative to the number of live births in the same time period, expressed per 100,000 live births. This specific definition aligns with international standards and is crucial for accurately identifying and addressing issues related to maternal health.

Option B correctly encompasses the critical periods of maternal mortality by including both the time of pregnancy and the first 90 days postpartum. This timeframe is significant because complications during or shortly after delivery can lead to mortality that is ultimately related to the pregnancy. Thus, option B provides the most comprehensive understanding of maternal mortality, reflecting the risk women face during and shortly after childbirth.

The other options do not accurately capture the context and timeframe necessary for calculating maternal mortality. For example, only considering deaths during pregnancy or only during childbirth omits essential postpartum risks. Additionally, using different percentages or time periods (like one year postpartum) would distort the understanding of maternal health directly related to the pregnancy process.