How do Mallory-Weiss tears differ from Boerhaave tears?

Mallory-Weiss tears and Boerhaave tears are conditions related to injuries of the esophagus, but they differ significantly in terms of their severity and depth. A Mallory-Weiss tear is characterized as a superficial tear in the mucosa of the esophagus, typically occurring at the gastroesophageal junction. It commonly arises from forceful vomiting, leading to hemorrhage from the superficial blood vessels in the area.

In contrast, a Boerhaave tear is a full-thickness rupture of the esophageal wall, which can lead to severe complications, including mediastinitis and sepsis. This type of tear generally occurs due to extreme pressure, often from forceful vomiting or overdistension of the esophagus, resulting in a breach that penetrates all layers of the esophageal wall.

Recognizing the distinction between these two types of tears is crucial in a clinical setting, as their management and potential complications differ significantly. Understanding that Mallory-Weiss tears are superficial while Boerhaave tears are full thickness helps underscore their varying severity and the implications for patient treatment and prognosis.