An infant presents with a high fever followed by the onset of a rash as the fever breaks. What complication is he at risk for?

Prepare for the USMLE Step 2 CK with our high-yield test. Practice with flashcards and multiple-choice questions, each offering hints and thorough explanations. Ace your exam confidently!

The scenario described involves an infant who experiences a high fever followed by a rash as the fever resolves. This clinical presentation is characteristic of roseola infantum, a viral infection commonly caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). One of the notable complications associated with the high fevers that occur in this condition is febrile seizures.

Febrile seizures are convulsions brought on by a rapid increase in body temperature, typically above 38°C (100.4°F), in young children. They are often benign and self-limiting but can cause significant parental concern. The risk of febrile seizures increases with the height of the fever and can be more frequent in children with a history of febrile illness.

Considering the age of the infant and the symptoms presented, febrile seizures become the most likely complication due to the high fever leading to a seizure event as the fever transitions to a lower state, which is consistent with the natural history of roseola.

The other options, such as septicemia, neonatal meningitis, and respiratory distress syndrome, do not align as closely with the typical high fever followed by rash scenario or the age group in question, making them less likely complications in this context.

Subscribe

Get the latest from Examzify

You can unsubscribe at any time. Read our privacy policy