A blueberry muffin rash is indicative of which congenital infection?

A blueberry muffin rash is classically associated with congenital rubella syndrome. This specific rash appears as purplish-blue lesions that can be found on newborns with this condition. Congenital rubella can lead to several symptoms, including cataracts, cardiac defects, and hearing loss, along with the characteristic blueberry muffin rash caused by dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis as a result of the infection and its impacts on fetal development.

Other congenital infections, such as cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis, may present with different signs and symptoms. Cytomegalovirus, for instance, can lead to microcephaly and periventricular calcifications, but does not typically produce a blueberry muffin rash. Toxoplasmosis may present with chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus, while congenital syphilis can exhibit symptoms like rash, bone abnormalities, and systemic manifestations, but again, not the characteristic blueberry muffin rash. Therefore, the association of this specific rash with congenital rubella syndrome makes it the correct choice.